Life and Work 1934-2019

1934

Born in Kanjiza, Yugoslavia to a family of craftsmen who decorated buildings throughout the Balkans. During the cold winters, his father Armin painted miniature landscapes.

1941–44

The army of fascist Hungary invades Serbia. His father is drafted into the Hungarian forced-labor units, never to return. Dan and his mother are hidden by Serbian families during the Nazi occupation, until liberation by the Red Army. Most of the Reisinger family did not survive the Holocaust.

1945–49

After the war Dan returns to school, where lessons are held in the Serbo-Croat language and written in Cyrillic script. Makes posters and maps for his classroom. Active in the ‘Pioneers’ Communist Party’s youth movement.

1949-50

Immigrates to the State of Israel with his mother and stepfather. They live in an absorbtion camp in Herzliya, then move to Jerusalem. Reisinger supports his family by working as a house painter.

1950–54

Studies painting, sculpture, and poster design at the New Bezalel School of Arts and Crafts in Jerusalem, where he is the youngest student. Awarded the Struck Prize for outstanding student achievment, and graduates with distinction. His student poster From the City to the Country is featured in the Hebrew Encyclopedia. His first proffesional commition is a poster for the Israel Lottery.

1954–57

Serves as head of Israel Air Force publications department, and awarded for excellence. Takes a stamp-design course given by renowned British graphic designer Abram Games.

1957–58

Travels to Belgium where he engages in freelance work for the Commissar General of Brussels Expo ’58.
Wins First Prize for Expo ’58 International Science Pavilion poster. Joins the Israeli Pavilion’s design team. An exhibition of his paintings showen at the Israel Cultural Center.

1958–60

Travels to London where he takes courses in drawing and painting at Central School of Art and Design. Establishes a life-long friendship with Abram Games. Designs posters for British Post Office and the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents. Holds one-person exhibition of paintings at Ben Uri Gallery.

1960–64

Marries Annabelle Cammerman, and the couple relocates to Israel. Works as art director at Israel’s largest advertising agency where he designs publicity materials for Amisragaz and Amkor, as well as an information brochure about Palestinian refugees. As a freelance, designs branding and packaging for Gamda Toys, posters for Habima National Theater, logo for Bat-Sheva Dance Company, and symbol for Israel Cancer Association. Wins First Prize in competition for 1962 Levant Fair poster. Creates a mural at Levant Fair grounds, Tel Aviv.

1964–66

Back in London, studies 3D and stage design at Central School of Art. Designs fabrics and carpets for John Lewis and other clients. Creates a mural relief at Furniture Research Institute, Stevenage. Designs posters for British Post Office. Illustrates ‘swinging London’ for Israeli Maariv newspaper.

1966–67

Designs the central section of the Israeli Pavilion at Expo ’67 in Montreal. Opens independent studio in Tel Aviv, and his scope of work expands to include symbols, logos, calendars, environmental projects, exhibitions, and corporate identities. Co-establishes Israel’s first color magazine, “AT”, with editor Josef (Tommy) Lapid.

1967- 69

In collaborate with interior designer Dora Gad: El Al’s Boeing 747 and Hamashbir Lazarchan chain of department stores, using modular graphic panels to distinguish the store’s different sections.
Othe rnotable works: Posters of El Al’s destinations around the world. Total design makeover for Habima Theater including logo, colors, carpets, lamps and other interior details. Designs Let My People Go poster, calling for the release of Soviet Jewry.

1970-71

Embarks on a three-decade long project designing El Al’s comprehensive corporate identity. Project includes a bilingual logo, interior and exterior of aircraft, ground equipment and vehicles, passenger products, and department branding. Elected to membership of Alliance Graphique Internationale (AGI) and to Art Directors Club of New York.

1971–73

First supergraphics prject: painted beach-front promenade in Tel Aviv. Color-orientation system for Moon Valley Hotel in Eilat. Awarded first prize for design of IDF medals.

Wins first prize in competition for Maccabiah Games poster, and continues to design the games’ image until 2001. Co-organizes AGI conference in Israel with Jean David and the Israel Museum (cancelled due to breakout of the Yom Kippur War).

1974-76

Reisinger’s designs for El Al’s ground equipment win the Chicago Museum Good Design Award. Designs logo and calendar for Iscar and continues to design the company’s calendars for two decades. Designs Rotart, kinetic color sculpture.
Awarded the Nordau Prize by the World Organization of Hungarian Jews for his contribution to design in Israel.

1976–77

First one-person exhibition of an Israeli designer at Israel Museum Jerusalem, and at Tel Aviv Museum of Art. Supergraphics painted on the Maxima air-separation facility at Mitzpe Ramon.

1977–80

Creates Scrolls of Fire – 53 paintings illuminating 53 texts by poet Abba Kovner, depicting the spiritual and physical fight for survival of the Jewish people throughout history. Scrolls of Fire paintings are exhibited at the Jewish Museum, New York. Works in Paris with master-printer Michel Casa on production of serigraph-edition of Scrolls of Fire. The original paintings were on view at Beit Hatefutsot (currently ANU Museum) untill 2018.

Unified identity design for Delek Corporation network of gas stations, including logo, red/green color scheme, font, and instruction manual. Monumental mural relief at Yad Vashem Holocaust Museum, Jerusalem. Arkia Airline’s corporate identity.

1980–83

Guest of the International Design Congress (IDCA) at Aspen, Colorado, titled ‘The Future is Not What it Used to Be.’ Receives the Herzl Award for contribution to visual culture in Israel. Interior design of El Al’s Boeing 737 and 767 aircraft. Color-orientation system at the Medical School in Haifa. Creates collage illustrations for Passover Haggadah published by Rabbinical Assembly of New York. Receives Silver and Gold Medals at calendar competitions in Stuttgart, Germany. Designs logo and mural relief for Tel Aviv Stock Exchange.

1984–85

Kinetic sculpture and mural reliefs for Neptune Hotel, Eilat. Visual identity and poster for Kfar Vradim. Awarded Honorary Alluminus at Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design.

Collage illustrations for the Haggadah are exhibited at Beit Ariela Library, Tel Aviv. Supergraphics interior design of Intel Corporation, Jerusalem. Designs the 24 Hours, 7 Days, 7 nights and other supplements of the broadsheet Yedioth Ahronot newspaper

1986–87

Corporate image for Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries, including logo and design system for packaging of medicinal products. Environmental design and logo for Panorama Center, Haifa. Corporate image for Electra. Logo for Pharmaceutical Association of Israel.

Perpetual Calendar for Museum of Modern Art, New York. Logo and packaging for Vitamed Pharmaceutical Industries.. In cooperation with architect Yacov Rechter – industrial-tile murals at Bank Leumi Information Processing Center  )Keshev) in Lod.

1988–90

Update of El Al’s corporate image, including passenger products and first-class cabin interior. Interior design of Iscar building at Tefen Industrial Park. Exhibition Perpetual Calendars is showen at Horace Richter Gallery, Jaffa. Lectures at the 16th Icograda Seminar, London. Member of jury in competition for logo of Vienna and Budapest Expo.

1991–93

Embarks on long-term project for Tambour paints manufacturer – including logo, packaging, and supergraphics on the factory’s buildings in Acre. Exhibition From Alef to Z, shown the International Typeface Corporation (ITC) is first exhibition of an Israeli designer in New York. Logo and murals for five Carmelit railway stations in Haifa. Invited guest at the international Eco Conference in Rio de Janeiro.

1994–97

Symbol for signing of Peace Treaty between Israel and Jordan. Appointed honorary member of Brno Biennale Committee and Russian Academy of Design. Exhibition of calligraphic drawings at Amalia Arbel Gallery, Tel Aviv. Speaker and jury member at Golden Bee Biennale, Moscow.

Four 3D murals in library of the Graduate School of Business Administration at Bar-Ilan University, as well as graphic elements to facilitate orientation throughout the building. Gives lecture and workshop at the 4th International Design Congress, Guanajuato, Mexico.

1998

First Israel Prize laureate in the field of design  |  juror in competition for logo of Hanover Expo 2000  |  exhibition of paintings at Holon Theater Gallery.

1999–2001

In cooperation with architects Raphael Lerman and Dan Zur he designs Jubilee Plaza atWeizmann Institute of Science’s, Rehovot. Lectures and exhibits at Shanghai International Art and Design Congress.

Dan Reisinger: Selected Works is published by Tsinghua University Press, China in a series entitled ‘International Masters of Graphic Design.’

2002–04

Appointed honorary member of Graphic Designers Association of Israel (GDAI). Holds exhibition Logo & Symbol at Kadima Gallery. Paints murals at Tel Hashomer Rehabilitation Center. Creates sculpture for Israeli Air Force base at Palmahim.

Invited by Prime Minister of Hungary to sit on advisory committee to Budapest Holocaust Memorial Center Advisory Committee. Awarded Hungarian Order of the Knights’ Cross for contribution to cultural relations between Hungary and Israel. Lectures at LOGO2004 design forum, Shanghai. Holds exhibition of posters in Kanjiža, his birthplace, and awarded honorary citizenship of the town.

2005–07

Comprehensive exhibition of designs, posters, paintings and prints at Museum of Applied Arts in Budapest which travels, under the patronage of the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, to national museums in Belgrade, Bucharest, Warsaw, Beijing, and Taipei.

2007–09

Guest lecturer at Adam Mickiewicz Institute in Warsaw. Poster design for FIFA wins Silver Medal in Taiwan.

Monograph on Reisinger’s work is published by Alma Mater, Moscow. Exhibition of calendars is held at Shenkar College of Engineering and Design.

Appointed honorary professor at Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design, Budapest. Honorary Fellow of Shenkar College of Engineering and Design, Ramat Gan.

2010–11

Exhibition Posters 1958-2010 at Municipal Gallery, Afula. Around Six Columns: Color Preformations exhibition at Ashdod Art Musum. The Art of Design exhibition at Beit Meirov Art Gallery, Holon.

Exhibition of posters at Interdisciplinary Center, Picnic Magazine at City Hall – supergraphics at inaugural exhibition of Beit Ha’ir Museum, Tel Aviv. Scrolls of Fire prints donated too city of Lendava, Slovenia for permanent display at city’s reconstructed synagogue. 

2012-14

Pompidou Center, Paris aquires 39 preparatory sketches for Reisinger’s Supergraphics projects. Awarded honorary citizenship by city of Lendava, Slovenia. Exhibition of posters at Skirball Cultural Center, Los Angeles. Teaches master class at University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.

2015–16

Hungarian government accepts Reisinger’s 2005 proposal for a monument to commemorate Jewish victims of WWII Hungarian forced-labor units. the mnument is unveiled at Teleki Square, Budapest.

2017

Retrospective exhibition at Israel Museum, Jerusalem accompanied by IMJ monograph in Hebrew & in English. Exhibition of color-preformation prints at Esernyos Gallery, Budapest.

26 Nov. 2019

Dan Reisinger passed away at his home in Givataim; survived by his wife, 3 sons and 5 grandchildren.

His extensive archive is divided between Israel Museum, Jerusalem and the National Library of Israel. Centre Pompidou, Paris holds a collection of Reisinger’s supergraphic works. His posters are included in major poster collections around the world. His logos & environmental works will remain an integral part of Israel’s visual culture. Throughout his career, he lectured from time to time at Bezalel, at Haifa University and at Wizo College Haifa. He served on many public committees, most notably –the Council for Beautiful Israel, Bank of Israel, Bezalel Academy,  the Israel Council for Higher Education et al.

Dan and his parents, 1940

A new beggining in a new country, 1949

Dan (left) with friends in Bezalel

Brussels, 1958

Dan and Annabelle

Swinging London 1965

Designs fabrics and carpets for John Lewis and other clients

the studio, 1972

Dan Reisinger (left) Izika Gaon, Chief Curator and Stef Wertheimer

Scrolls of fire, one of 53 paintings

Dan Reisinger and other notable speakers at the IBM International Design Congress, Aspen

Perpetual Calendar, MoMA

Paul Rand and Dan Reisinger at Reisinger's ITC Center exhibition, NY

1994 Invitation to signing ceremony of Peace Treaty between Israel and Jordan

Israel Prize

Honorary Citizen of Kanjiža

Reisinger's exhibition in Beijing

Lecture at Moholy-Nagy University, Budapest

Scrolls of Fire at the Jewish Museum Lendava, Slovenia

Monument to commemorate Jewish victims of WWII Hungarian forced-labor units

1934

Born in Kanjiza, Yugoslavia to a family of craftsmen who decorated buildings throughout the Balkans. During the cold winters, his father Armin painted miniature landscapes.

Dan and his parents, 1940

1941–44

The army of fascist Hungary invades Serbia. His father is drafted into the Hungarian forced-labor units, never to return. Dan and his mother are hidden by Serbian families during the Nazi occupation, until liberation by the Red Army. Most of the Reisinger family did not survive the Holocaust.

1945–49

After the war Dan returns to school, where lessons are held in the Serbo-Croat language and written in Cyrillic script. Makes posters and maps for his classroom. Active in the ‘Pioneers’ Communist Party’s youth movement.

1949-50

Immigrates to the State of Israel with his mother and stepfather. They live in an absorbtion camp in Herzliya, then move to Jerusalem. Reisinger supports his family by working as a house painter.

A new beggining in a new country, 1949

1950–54

Studies painting, sculpture, and poster design at the New Bezalel School of Arts and Crafts in Jerusalem, where he is the youngest student. Awarded the Struck Prize for outstanding student achievment, and graduates with distinction. His student poster From the City to the Country is featured in the Hebrew Encyclopedia. His first proffesional commition is a poster for the Israel Lottery.

Dan (left) with friends in Bezalel

1954–57

Serves as head of Israel Air Force publications department, and awarded for excellence. Takes a stamp-design course given by renowned British graphic designer Abram Games.

Brussels, 1958

1957–58

Travels to Belgium where he engages in freelance work for the Commissar General of Brussels Expo ’58.
Wins First Prize for Expo ’58 International Science Pavilion poster. Joins the Israeli Pavilion’s design team. An exhibition of his paintings showen at the Israel Cultural Center.

1958–60

Travels to London where he takes courses in drawing and painting at Central School of Art and Design. Establishes a life-long friendship with Abram Games. Designs posters for British Post Office and the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents. Holds one-person exhibition of paintings at Ben Uri Gallery.

1960–64

Marries Annabelle Cammerman, and the couple relocates to Israel. Works as art director at Israel’s largest advertising agency where he designs publicity materials for Amisragaz and Amkor, as well as an information brochure about Palestinian refugees. As a freelance, designs branding and packaging for Gamda Toys, posters for Habima National Theater, logo for Bat-Sheva Dance Company, and symbol for Israel Cancer Association. Wins First Prize in competition for 1962 Levant Fair poster. Creates a mural at Levant Fair grounds, Tel Aviv.

Dan and Annabelle

1964–66

Back in London, studies 3D and stage design at Central School of Art. Designs fabrics and carpets for John Lewis and other clients. Creates a mural relief at Furniture Research Institute, Stevenage. Designs posters for British Post Office. Illustrates ‘swinging London’ for Israeli Maariv newspaper.

Swinging London 1965

Designs fabrics and carpets for John Lewis and other clients

1966–67

Designs the central section of the Israeli Pavilion at Expo ’67 in Montreal. Opens independent studio in Tel Aviv, and his scope of work expands to include symbols, logos, calendars, environmental projects, exhibitions, and corporate identities. Co-establishes Israel’s first color magazine, “AT”, with editor Josef (Tommy) Lapid.

the studio, 1972

1967- 69

In collaborate with interior designer Dora Gad: El Al’s Boeing 747 and Hamashbir Lazarchan chain of department stores, using modular graphic panels to distinguish the store’s different sections.
Othe rnotable works: Posters of El Al’s destinations around the world. Total design makeover for Habima Theater including logo, colors, carpets, lamps and other interior details. Designs Let My People Go poster, calling for the release of Soviet Jewry.

1970-71

Embarks on a three-decade long project designing El Al’s comprehensive corporate identity. Project includes a bilingual logo, interior and exterior of aircraft, ground equipment and vehicles, passenger products, and department branding. Elected to membership of Alliance Graphique Internationale (AGI) and to Art Directors Club of New York.

1971–73

First supergraphics prject: painted beach-front promenade in Tel Aviv. Color-orientation system for Moon Valley Hotel in Eilat. Awarded first prize for design of IDF medals.

Wins first prize in competition for Maccabiah Games poster, and continues to design the games’ image until 2001. Co-organizes AGI conference in Israel with Jean David and the Israel Museum (cancelled due to breakout of the Yom Kippur War).

1974-76

Reisinger’s designs for El Al’s ground equipment win the Chicago Museum Good Design Award. Designs logo and calendar for Iscar and continues to design the company’s calendars for two decades. Designs Rotart, kinetic color sculpture.
Awarded the Nordau Prize by the World Organization of Hungarian Jews for his contribution to design in Israel.

1976–77

First one-person exhibition of an Israeli designer at Israel Museum Jerusalem, and at Tel Aviv Museum of Art. Supergraphics painted on the Maxima air-separation facility at Mitzpe Ramon.

Dan Reisinger (left) Izika Gaon, Chief Curator and Stef Wertheimer

1977–80

Creates Scrolls of Fire – 53 paintings illuminating 53 texts by poet Abba Kovner, depicting the spiritual and physical fight for survival of the Jewish people throughout history. Scrolls of Fire paintings are exhibited at the Jewish Museum, New York. Works in Paris with master-printer Michel Casa on production of serigraph-edition of Scrolls of Fire. The original paintings were on view at Beit Hatefutsot (currently ANU Museum) untill 2018.

Unified identity design for Delek Corporation network of gas stations, including logo, red/green color scheme, font, and instruction manual. Monumental mural relief at Yad Vashem Holocaust Museum, Jerusalem. Arkia Airline’s corporate identity.

Scrolls of fire, one of 53 paintings

1980–83

Guest of the International Design Congress (IDCA) at Aspen, Colorado, titled ‘The Future is Not What it Used to Be.’ Receives the Herzl Award for contribution to visual culture in Israel. Interior design of El Al’s Boeing 737 and 767 aircraft. Color-orientation system at the Medical School in Haifa. Creates collage illustrations for Passover Haggadah published by Rabbinical Assembly of New York. Receives Silver and Gold Medals at calendar competitions in Stuttgart, Germany. Designs logo and mural relief for Tel Aviv Stock Exchange.

Dan Reisinger and other notable speakers at the IBM International Design Congress, Aspen

1984–85

Kinetic sculpture and mural reliefs for Neptune Hotel, Eilat. Visual identity and poster for Kfar Vradim. Awarded Honorary Alluminus at Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design.

Collage illustrations for the Haggadah are exhibited at Beit Ariela Library, Tel Aviv. Supergraphics interior design of Intel Corporation, Jerusalem. Designs the 24 Hours, 7 Days, 7 nights and other supplements of the broadsheet Yedioth Ahronot newspaper

1986–87

Corporate image for Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries, including logo and design system for packaging of medicinal products. Environmental design and logo for Panorama Center, Haifa. Corporate image for Electra. Logo for Pharmaceutical Association of Israel.

Perpetual Calendar for Museum of Modern Art, New York. Logo and packaging for Vitamed Pharmaceutical Industries.. In cooperation with architect Yacov Rechter – industrial-tile murals at Bank Leumi Information Processing Center  )Keshev) in Lod.

Perpetual Calendar, MoMA

1988–90

Update of El Al’s corporate image, including passenger products and first-class cabin interior. Interior design of Iscar building at Tefen Industrial Park. Exhibition Perpetual Calendars is showen at Horace Richter Gallery, Jaffa. Lectures at the 16th Icograda Seminar, London. Member of jury in competition for logo of Vienna and Budapest Expo.

1991–93

Embarks on long-term project for Tambour paints manufacturer – including logo, packaging, and supergraphics on the factory’s buildings in Acre. Exhibition From Alef to Z, shown the International Typeface Corporation (ITC) is first exhibition of an Israeli designer in New York. Logo and murals for five Carmelit railway stations in Haifa. Invited guest at the international Eco Conference in Rio de Janeiro.

Paul Rand and Dan Reisinger at Reisinger's ITC Center exhibition, NY

1994–97

Symbol for signing of Peace Treaty between Israel and Jordan. Appointed honorary member of Brno Biennale Committee and Russian Academy of Design. Exhibition of calligraphic drawings at Amalia Arbel Gallery, Tel Aviv. Speaker and jury member at Golden Bee Biennale, Moscow.

Four 3D murals in library of the Graduate School of Business Administration at Bar-Ilan University, as well as graphic elements to facilitate orientation throughout the building. Gives lecture and workshop at the 4th International Design Congress, Guanajuato, Mexico.

1994 Invitation to signing ceremony of Peace Treaty between Israel and Jordan

1998

First Israel Prize laureate in the field of design  |  juror in competition for logo of Hanover Expo 2000  |  exhibition of paintings at Holon Theater Gallery.

Israel Prize

1999–2001

In cooperation with architects Raphael Lerman and Dan Zur he designs Jubilee Plaza atWeizmann Institute of Science’s, Rehovot. Lectures and exhibits at Shanghai International Art and Design Congress.

Dan Reisinger: Selected Works is published by Tsinghua University Press, China in a series entitled ‘International Masters of Graphic Design.’

2002–04

Appointed honorary member of Graphic Designers Association of Israel (GDAI). Holds exhibition Logo & Symbol at Kadima Gallery. Paints murals at Tel Hashomer Rehabilitation Center. Creates sculpture for Israeli Air Force base at Palmahim.

Invited by Prime Minister of Hungary to sit on advisory committee to Budapest Holocaust Memorial Center Advisory Committee. Awarded Hungarian Order of the Knights’ Cross for contribution to cultural relations between Hungary and Israel. Lectures at LOGO2004 design forum, Shanghai. Holds exhibition of posters in Kanjiža, his birthplace, and awarded honorary citizenship of the town.

Honorary Citizen of Kanjiža

2005–07

Comprehensive exhibition of designs, posters, paintings and prints at Museum of Applied Arts in Budapest which travels, under the patronage of the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, to national museums in Belgrade, Bucharest, Warsaw, Beijing, and Taipei.

Reisinger's exhibition in Beijing

2007–09

Guest lecturer at Adam Mickiewicz Institute in Warsaw. Poster design for FIFA wins Silver Medal in Taiwan.

Monograph on Reisinger’s work is published by Alma Mater, Moscow. Exhibition of calendars is held at Shenkar College of Engineering and Design.

Appointed honorary professor at Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design, Budapest. Honorary Fellow of Shenkar College of Engineering and Design, Ramat Gan.

Lecture at Moholy-Nagy University, Budapest

2010–11

Exhibition Posters 1958-2010 at Municipal Gallery, Afula. Around Six Columns: Color Preformations exhibition at Ashdod Art Musum. The Art of Design exhibition at Beit Meirov Art Gallery, Holon.

Exhibition of posters at Interdisciplinary Center, Picnic Magazine at City Hall – supergraphics at inaugural exhibition of Beit Ha’ir Museum, Tel Aviv. Scrolls of Fire prints donated too city of Lendava, Slovenia for permanent display at city’s reconstructed synagogue. 

Scrolls of Fire at the Jewish Museum Lendava, Slovenia

2012-14

Pompidou Center, Paris aquires 39 preparatory sketches for Reisinger’s Supergraphics projects. Awarded honorary citizenship by city of Lendava, Slovenia. Exhibition of posters at Skirball Cultural Center, Los Angeles. Teaches master class at University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.

2015–16

Hungarian government accepts Reisinger’s 2005 proposal for a monument to commemorate Jewish victims of WWII Hungarian forced-labor units. the mnument is unveiled at Teleki Square, Budapest.

Monument to commemorate Jewish victims of WWII Hungarian forced-labor units

2017

Retrospective exhibition at Israel Museum, Jerusalem accompanied by IMJ monograph in Hebrew & in English. Exhibition of color-preformation prints at Esernyos Gallery, Budapest.

26 Nov. 2019

Dan Reisinger passed away at his home in Givataim; survived by his wife, 3 sons and 5 grandchildren.

His extensive archive is divided between Israel Museum, Jerusalem and the National Library of Israel. Centre Pompidou, Paris holds a collection of Reisinger’s supergraphic works. His posters are included in major poster collections around the world. His logos & environmental works will remain an integral part of Israel’s visual culture. Throughout his career, he lectured from time to time at Bezalel, at Haifa University and at Wizo College Haifa. He served on many public committees, most notably –the Council for Beautiful Israel, Bank of Israel, Bezalel Academy,  the Israel Council for Higher Education et al.